Etsy, a web based market for distinctive, handmade, and classic gadgets, has
seen excessive development over the past 5 years. Then the pandemic dramatically
modified buyers’ habits, resulting in extra shoppers procuring on-line. As a
end result, the Etsy market grew from 45.7 million patrons on the finish of
2019 to 90.1 million patrons (97%) on the finish of 2021 and from 2.5 to five.3
million (112%) sellers in the identical interval.
The expansion massively elevated demand on the technical platform, scaling
site visitors virtually 3X in a single day. And Etsy had signifcantly extra clients for
whom it wanted to proceed delivering nice experiences. To maintain up with
that demand, they needed to scale up infrastructure, product supply, and
expertise drastically. Whereas the expansion challenged groups, the enterprise was by no means
bottlenecked. Etsy’s groups had been in a position to ship new and improved
performance, and {the marketplace} continued to supply a glorious buyer
expertise. This text and the following type the story of Etsy’s scaling technique.
Etsy’s foundational scaling work had began lengthy earlier than the pandemic. In
2017, Mike Fisher joined as CTO. Josh Silverman had not too long ago joined as Etsy’s
CEO, and was establishing institutional self-discipline to usher in a interval of
development. Mike has a background in scaling high-growth firms, and alongside
with Martin Abbott wrote a number of books on the subject, together with The Art of Scalability
and Scalability Rules.
Etsy relied on bodily {hardware} in two knowledge facilities, presenting a number of
scaling challenges. With their anticipated development, it was obvious that the
prices would ramp up rapidly. It affected product groups’ agility as that they had
to plan far upfront for capability. As well as, the information facilities had been
based mostly in a single state, which represented an availability threat. It was clear
they wanted to maneuver onto the cloud rapidly. After an evaluation, Mike and
his workforce selected the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) because the cloud accomplice and
began to plan a program to maneuver their
many programs onto the cloud.
Whereas the cloud migration was taking place, Etsy was rising its enterprise and
its workforce. Mike recognized the product supply course of as being one other
potential scaling bottleneck. The autonomy afforded to product groups had
brought about a problem: every workforce was delivering in numerous methods. Becoming a member of a workforce
meant studying a brand new set of practices, which was problematic as Etsy was
hiring many new folks. As well as, that they had observed a number of product
initiatives that didn’t repay as anticipated. These indicators led management
to re-evaluate the effectiveness of their product planning and supply
processes.
Deciding on a accomplice
Etsy had by no means labored with a software program growth consultancy. To give you the option
to scale product supply and usher in some exterior experience, they began
on the lookout for a vendor. After an in depth search, they chose Thoughtworks,
primarily as a result of they perceived a detailed cultural match and deep alignment
concerning trendy software program growth.
Thoughtworks has an analogous method to Agile as Etsy – being Agile
somewhat than doing Agile. Etsy’s workforce was not trying to undertake a
methodology that blindly follows strict rituals and practices, and wished
a accomplice that bases its method on agile ideas and tradition.
Thoughtworks is thought for technical excellence and management in DevOps,
Steady Integration, and Steady Supply, all of which Etsy depends
on closely. As well as, the 2 firms shared related ideas
concerning worker care, range, open-source, and know-how
sustainability.
The Thoughtworks workforce began by embedding into product groups, working with
each purchaser and vendor groups, on varied vital initiatives corresponding to fee
mannequin adjustments, Search Engine Optimization (search engine optimization), and a notification platform.
This enabled Thoughtworks to know how Etsy labored, created an instantaneous
influence on supply, and improved growth practices corresponding to automated
testing.
For Thoughtworks, Etsy was fairly totally different from the standard shopper.
They’re a totally digital firm, and their technical course of and product
practises are very mature. In contrast to most shoppers who interact Thoughtworks,
Etsy had no massive transformation to undertake, and no ingrained habits
that wanted a serious shift. What they had been in search of was exterior perspective
and supplementive expertise, to assist them incrementally enhance and sort out
their urgent initiatives. The tradition and ideas had been already very
aligned with Thoughtworks’ personal, so the partnership turned extra of an
alternate of concepts drawn from totally different experiences.
Scaling Product Supply and Discovery
Thoughtworks and Etsy fashioned a cross-functional Product Supply
Tradition (PDC) workforce to investigate the present product supply and discovery
course of. They analyzed the whole software program growth worth stream,
wanting carefully on the complaints of managers and workforce members. Chosen
occasions had been replayed to achieve a deep understanding of “how” it occurred
rather than who?. The Thoughtworks
workforce, as a result of they hadn’t lived by means of the issues, had been in a position to carry
an goal outsider perspective.
There have been a variety of issues Etsy was doing very well:
- Cross-functional groups: They structured their groups round “4 desk legs”:
Product, Design, Engineering, and Analytics. All planning and supply practices
occur with collaboration among the many teams. - Incremental supply of worth to customers: Steady supply is the core
follow of their method. A code change sitting in a repository and never
deployed to customers will not be priceless, and successfully prices the corporate cash. Etsy
deploys tons of of occasions a day, with a 30-minute decide to manufacturing lead
time. - Options are prioritized utilizing knowledge: Product managers and knowledge analysts
collaborate to find out an anticipated worth, measured by KPI adjustments. If the
function doesn’t ship sufficient worth versus its value, as evidenced by an A/B
take a look at, it isn’t rolled out, and the code is eliminated.
The workforce additionally uncovered alternatives for enchancment:
- Every workforce was doing supply in numerous methods, having disparate processes
and rituals, making onboarding new staff and altering groups tough. Some
groups had been utilizing a course of like Scrum, whereas others didn’t use any formal
course of. - There have been a variety of initiatives that had not created worth as
they anticipated. For instance, Etsy tried a present wrap function that had
decrease than anticipated adoption charges by sellers and patrons. - Previous to 2018, Etsy had been by means of a transitional interval, with
pivots in product technique and management adjustments main some product
managers to expres a need for larger possession over their product
selections.
Time to studying
The workforce created an enchancment program, based mostly on lean pondering and the
concepts of Marty Cagan, who had not too long ago offered at Etsy. The management workforce was
studying his e-book Impressed.
I promise you that at the very least half the concepts
in your roadmap should not going to ship what you hope. (By the best way, the
actually good groups assume that at the very least three quarters of the concepts received’t
carry out like they hope.)
After some preliminary analysis the workforce got here up with a metric they referred to as Time
to Studying – the time it took for a product workforce to validate an thought with a
buyer and achieve a greater understanding of its worth. They’d a baseline of
50 days that they wished to cut back.
They had been additionally different metrics.
- Enhancing the time to market
- Enhancing the effectiveness of merchandise (e.g. income, buyer
engagement) - Worker happiness
To influence the KPIs, they got here up with a variety of answer hypotheses:
Lightweight prototypes that incorporate extra direct consumer analysis
Etsy has robust experimentation infrastructure and analytics capabilities.
They run many concurrent A/B exams on {the marketplace}. The issue the PDC
workforce noticed is that the suggestions cycle will be fairly gradual. For an thought to be
prepared for an A/B take a look at it needed to be close to production-level high quality. It additionally had
to have sufficient knowledge to indicate statistical relevance. A/B exams would run for
months in lesser-used elements of {the marketplace}.
To set your expectations, robust groups usually
take a look at many product concepts every week—on the order of 10 to twenty or extra per week. I
wish to emphasize that these are experiments, sometimes run utilizing prototypes.
A prototype will not be one thing that’s prepared for prime time and positively not
one thing your organization would attempt to promote and stand behind. However they’re
immensely helpful, as they’re all about studying quick and low cost.
To cut back the Time to Studying metric, the PDC workforce utilized a lean UX
method. First, they began by rapidly creating lo-fi prototypes and
instantly exhibiting them to customers. Second, the workforce elevated consumer suggestions
classes to each two weeks and lowered the extent of ceremony. Third, they
created a dual-track system, with a design and analysis workforce regularly
working forward of a supply workforce. The thought was to effectively achieve confidence
in an thought earlier than it qualifies for an A/B take a look at. By decreasing the price of
experimentation, they might improve the range and amount of experiments,
discovering concepts that confirmed extra worth.
Determine 1: Experiment validation course of
Blueprint for product supply
The PDC, together with product workforce leaders, got here up with a set of
product supply ideas and associated supply follow adjustments. The
practices included: smaller extra centered tales, redesigning story partitions to
higher match the workforce course of, utilizing spikes to cut back technical uncertainty, and
higher methods of managing tech debt. They didn’t wish to take away the autonomy of
groups. Steady enchancment is a giant a part of Etsy tradition. These practices
are supposed to be handled as smart defaults that may be tailored and improved
for every workforce’s particular context.
The PDC workforce first examined the follow adjustments on pilot product groups to
set up their effectiveness after which iterated. As soon as the follow
demonstrated an enchancment, the workforce added to a data base and offered
gentle teaching to introduce the brand new practices to all product groups throughout
Etsy.
Lean Portfolio administration
Some massive initiatives had been nonetheless being carried out, although there was
not clear proof of the initiative creating worth. That is the standard sunk
value drawback. To unravel this, the PDC workforce
steered taking a lean method to portfolio administration.
Our runway ought to be a listing of hypotheses to check, not a listing of
necessities to construct. Once we reward our groups for his or her skill to ship
necessities, it’s straightforward to quickly bloat our merchandise with pointless
options—resulting in elevated complexity, larger upkeep prices, and
restricted skill to vary. Options delivered should not a measure of success,
enterprise outcomes are. Our runway is a collection of questions that we have to
take a look at to cut back uncertainty and enhance our understanding of development
alternatives.
As a substitute of making prolonged undertaking specs and plans, the PDC workforce
coached product groups to develop end result statements for every initiative. With
end result statements, beginning with a buyer or enterprise end result permits the
workforce to experiment with many alternative concepts to attain the result by tying
them to measurable KPIs. The much less exact an end result is, together with its KPIs,
the tougher it’s to specify. When getting ready for doable initiatives, every
product workforce created a two-page transient summarizing the result, the measurable
influence, and the preliminary funding required.
The manager workforce prioritized the result statements, and every assertion
was seen as a “guess” amongst a portfolio. Impressed by the Lean Worth Tree
idea, the chief workforce would follow an everyday cadence to find out if a
guess was paying off, giving them the chance to pivot early.
Determine 2: An instance initiative assertion
Stronger product & engineering collaboration
One other enchancment was to incorporate engineers early within the product ideation
course of and to have them be a part of consumer suggestions classes. The workforce examined
engineers becoming a member of the speculation era and validation classes and
working carefully with designers throughout design sprints. The outcomes of the take a look at
confirmed an a variety of benefits. Engineers improved their understanding of the
buyer, constructing empathy for his or her wants. They might present on-the-spot
suggestions on the feasibility of an method and rapidly create prototypes to
show concepts to customers. Cross-functional engagement allowed engineers to
contribute a variety of nice concepts that made it to the product.
After the preliminary PDC initiative Etsy continued to strengthen the
collaboration between teams. At each degree of the group, product and
engineering are companions, which suggests they’re in a position to have wholesome trade-off
discussions. The platform group expanded using product managers for
infrastructure and developer tooling groups – encouraging groups to consider
technical capabilities as merchandise and end-users being Etsy engineers. The
technical product managers do analysis and prioritization actions, simply as
they might for a buyer product.
What was the influence of product supply tradition?
Testing with pilot groups indicated that the Time to Studying went from 50
days to five days. In the course of the pilot, one product supervisor mentioned, “What I like about
the [direct user research sessions] pilot is that it lets us take a look at our concepts
sooner, it was very nice to not spend as a lot time diving deep into
one thing that we didn’t even know we had been going to make use of.” An initiative on
stock high quality that was predicted to ship a seven million greenback income
improve as an alternative delivered eleven million {dollars} in incremental worth utilizing
the PDC steered enhancements. Following this pilot success, the workforce coached
the whole product growth group on the product supply method.
Based on Mike Fisher, “It is extremely onerous to isolate the advantages of a
course of change on a corporation of a number of hundred engineers since we don’t
run A/B experiments of this sort. Nevertheless, we did have a look at excessive degree
productiveness metrics after having PDC applied for over 2 years, and all of
our metrics had been very optimistic. We had improved our velocity by doing this
work, and we had been in a position to produce in the end extra advantages for the patrons and
sellers – extra options, higher search, higher processes; the entire
market turned higher for patrons and sellers and that was the objective.”